Southwark Cathedral Millennium Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Southwark Cathedral Millennium Project - Essay Example The history of the Southwark Cathedral Millennium Project goes back as far as 1930 when it was first initiated. The main objective of this project was to create an environment that would be good enough to meet the emerging needs of not only the congregation, but also the visitors and staff. The financial support for this project came mainly from the Millennium Commission. The plans for the project included the construction of a new library building, refectory and shop. The exhibition space was also expected to be expanded under the Southwark Cathedral Millennium Project (Millennium Commission, 2010). As part of the project, the old buildings were also supposed to be upgraded and the surrounding environment which was degrading at the time was expected to be improved. In 1997, London-based architects, Elizabeth Banks Associates, were given the responsibility of redesigning the cathedral grounds with the help and recommendation of Richard Griffiths Associates, who were the lead architect of the establishment. The upgrading and improvements were finally completed in 2001 (Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment, 2011). The result was a recast churchyard and an improved access for the disabled. There were also new improved garden spaces and a public square which is found on the northern side of the cathedral. New refectory building and visitor centres were also added as part of the project. The project cost a total of 10,682,738 pounds and it was seen as part of the wider scheme of regenerating the south bank of the River Thames (Millennium Commission, 2010). Figure one below shows the Southwark Cathedral. Fig 1: Southwark Cathedral Courtesy of Anglican Mainstram OGC Gateway Review Model This project review will follow the OGC Gateway R eview Model, which is designed to confirm whether or not the expected benefits of a project have been achieved and operations are running smoothly. This review model is based on six main aspects. These are: review of operating phase, business case and benefits management, plans for ongoing improvements in value for money, plans for ongoing improvements in performance and innovation, review of organizational learning and maturity targets and readiness for the future (Office of Government Commerce, 2010). In 1997, Elizabeth Banks Associates (EBA) was given the task of working on the Southwark project after a recommendation by the official architects of the Cathedral, Richard Griffiths Architects. The other project team members included: Max Fordham Associates who were in charge of the services, Alan Baxter Associates as the structural engineers, Citex were the project managers, Bucknall Austin were the quantity surveyors while the Pre-construction Archaeology provided Archaeological s urveying services. Sutton Vane Associates were in charge of lighting throughout the project duration. Their main

Classical studies Essay Example for Free

Classical studies Essay The Colosseum was the first permanent amphitheatre to be built in Rome. Its huge size, as well as the practical and efficient way it dealt with organising of events and ways of controlling large crowds in a safe manner makes it one of the greatest architectural buildings ever constructed in the Roman Empire and was a gift from Emperor Vespasian and finished under Emperor Titus. The building itself is a vast ellipse with tiers of seating for about 50,000 spectators around a central elliptical arena. There are 76 entrances into the amphitheatre to allow crowds to arrive and leave safely and quickly.  The architects had recognised the need for more permanent seating in the Colosseum as opposed temporary wooden benches or the piles of earth used in previous amphitheatres located in other cities. This was after all the centre of the known world and home to the Emperor and so had to be built on a grand scale never seen before. Firstly it had to be a safe place for people to visit and stay for periods of time. Many revolutionary safety devices were designed and attached to the Colosseum, such as the podiums that were built with top rollers that prevented the wild animals and convicts from climbing on top and into the crowd.  There is also the design of the exterior to consider. Despite the main activity going on inside the theatre, the design of the outside was equally if not more important. What it outwardly showed was very important to the Romans. The games were responsible for ridding the city of criminals and dangerous animals, it had to symbolise great power and splendour. The grand scale of the Colosseum was impressive but not overpowering, it was important that it was welcoming but large enough to entertain audiences in there thousands. PART TWO Essay Although they occupied one of the lowest rungs on the roman society ladder, Gladiators were widely regarded as some of the bravest members of roman society.  A gladiator was considered a professional fighter and apart from fighting other gladiators, would also pit his skills against animals in amphitheatres all over the empire. These battles started out as mere ceremonial bouts at funerals before evolving over 600 or so years into the sort of grand entertainment that we now think of as a typical day in the colosseum or indeed any of the amphitheatres around the republic and empire. The word Gladiator comes from the Latin gladiatores meaning swordsman, which in turn comes from the word gladius which was a short sword used by soldiers in the roman army. Gladiators were usually slaves or prisoners who were bought by a manager and trainer of gladiators (known as a lanista) in order to be trained as proper gladiators. There were also some free men who actually volunteered to be gladiators, no doubt looking for the celebrity that the profession offered successful entrants, a lot like children of today aspiring to becoming a famous footballer or cricketer. There were several different types of gladiators who were trained to excel in the use of different weapons, and wore different types of armour depending on the type of combat they were to enter. Some gladiators who had been prisoners of war used their native weapons and armour, and portrayed themselves as their native characters in battles, such as Gauls or Thracians.  The image often given of the Gladiator as a savage fighter might very well be just fiction. They were very skilled at what they did and like most people they would rather live than die. This is not so the case of criminals who fought and although given training, were not expected to live beyond a year. A gladiator who survived over three years was on occasion set free. It is now thought that fights may have been more civilised and theatrical than previously believed. The level of training these men undertook suggests that they would have been very good at putting on a show for the paying public and controlling movements, in the same way that the wrestlers of today are basically putting on a show. And even if the audience did order a gladiator dead at the conclusion of a match, it is highly probable that the opponent imposed only a superficial wound, in order to please the crowd. The losing gladiator might have then been dragged under the staging area and killed by an executioner undercover or allowed to recover and then resume his occupation a few months later under a new name. After all, it was all about entertaining the masses and making money for both the trainer and the owners of the venues. Because they were such expensive investments, gladiators were allowed the very best food and received the very best medical care available. In most cases Gladiators only fought 3 or 4 times a year so to stay fresh and make a big draw for the crowd who would undoubtedly had favourites from each troop of fighters who would roam from area to area fighting in different amphitheatres month after month. The games though were not only a source of entertainment for the citizens of the Roman empire, but many saw the chance to acquire fame, popularity, a reversal of lost fortunes and even freedom if they were lucky enough to survive. The games were primarily important because of what they offered those involved. Many people profited from the games, in particular those who hosted them. The games conveyed the habits of the upper class, for anyone who hosted the games it was a measure of their wealth as the expense was huge due to the number of beasts and fighters needed to entertain the crowd for any length of time. A new generation of traders and politicians found fame and popularity because they were able to spend great amounts to stage the games, which increased their status and influence within the upper social circle of the roman class system. Because of the way the games were held, it allowed the common people to mix with the upper classes at these events and on occasion win competitions for various luxury items, rather like the 1/2 time golden ticket draw held at most sporting events today. The games were not loved by everyone in roman society. As Cicero questions the measure of enjoyment the games can offer in C7 Pompeys shows, But what pleasure can it be to a man of refinement when either a powerless man is torn by a powerful beast, or else a magnificent beast is spitted on a hunting spear? What he is saying is if youve seen one man kill a beast youve seen it all and vice versa. The gladiator was looked upon as both a hero and a rogue depending on his route into the games and his ability to wow the crowd with his skills as both a warrior and an actor.  In conclusion, the gladiators were important because of what they could offer both the public and the wealthy in respect of status and prestige. The games were also important to Romans because of where they were held and what the amphitheatre conveyed, the very symbol of the politics of Rome.

The Negative Effects of Automobile Emissions Pollution Essays -- Envir

The Negative Effects of Automobile Emissions Pollution Charles Dickens wrote about the dirty conditions of London, England by saying, "Smoke lowering down from chimney pots, making a soft black drizzle, with flakes of soot in it as big as full-grown snowflakes – gone into mourning, one might imagine, for the death of the sun . . . Fog everywhere . . . fog down the river, where it rolls defiled among the tiers of shipping, and the waterside pollutions of a great (and dirty) city" (Qtd. Langone 28). The problem with the air back in Dickens’ day was all of the coal that was burned for heat and power. Today, we do not often use coal in our individual homes or businesses, but we still have a big problem with our air. Automobiles are our main problem today. In almost every large metropolitan area in the world, the effects of the pollution released from the cars can be seen, smelt and felt by the average person. When science and technology step in and actually measure the amounts of pollution present, the effects become even more shocking. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) measures the amount of pollution in our air on a scale they call the Pollution Standards Index or the PSI. This scale measures several different pollutants including: carbon monoxide, ground-level ozone, lead, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter and sulfur dioxide (EPA 2). Automobiles contribute to four of the six pollutants measured on the scale: Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide (Patterson 6). The scale also explains at what levels the pollutants become unhealthy and what we should do to protect ourselves. At the Good and Moderate levels of the scale, there are no serious health effects found. At the Unhealthful... .... Phoenix, August 1991. "Environmental Profile for: Maricopa County, Arizona. Air Quality". Environmental Protection Agency. 24 November, 1998. http://www.epa.gov/epahome/general.htm Kraft, Michael. Vig, Norman. Environmental Policy in the 1990’s. Washington D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1994. Langone, John. Our Endangered Earth. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1992. Levy, John. Contemporary Urban Planning. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1997. Lorenzetti, Maureen S. Alternative Motor Fuels. Tulsa: PennWell Publishing Co., 1996. Morgan, James, et al. The Technical Feasibility, Socio-Economic Impact and Environmental Benefits of Alternative Energy Vehicles As Related To The State of Arizona. Northern Arizona University, 1986. Patterson, D.J. Emissions From Combustion Engines And Their Control. Ann Arbor: Ann Arbor Science Publishers, 1972.

Fallen Innocence in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay -- Frankenstein

Fallen Innocence in Frankenstein      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "All things truly wicked start from an innocence." Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Creature was not born evil.   Nor was his corruption his fault. He was born innocent, without fault or sin.   The Creature was turned to a Monster after he learned of humanity, and what a cold, cruel thing it can be.   He was shunned, beaten, chased, and persecuted by those who did not understand him.   The Monster then turned bitter and vengeful, and hated his creator for giving him life.   In Marry Shelly's Frankenstein, The Creature symbolizes fallen innocence, his childlike naivete stripped away by the cold, uncaring world.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Creature was truly innocent after his creation.   At first, he knew nothing but base urges and desires.   He was confused buy his senses, unable to distinguish between them.   He only took clothes to shelter him from the bitter cold, not because he was shameful.   He did not even remember his first meeting with is creator.   All he desired were basic animal needs.   He hunted for fruit and nut to stop the pangs of hunger.   He slept in the forest under the stars.   He sought meager shelter to keep him dry.   These were all he desired before he knew of man.   Only after silently observing a family for months did he learn of the ways of mankind.   He became self-aware and learned common knowledge.   He tediously acquired a written and oral language.   Then he yearned to meet his benefactors.   For years after his creation, the Creature was innocent.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout his bitter life, the Creature was dealt one blow from humanity after another.   After spending time in the cold, wet woods, he sough... ...ined in the wilderness, the Creature would have retained in virtue.   However, once he was brought into the world of man, he slowly became a diabolical demon.   He became bitter as he realized what he was, and as humanity shunned and beat him.   The Creature was not evil, but he was more like Adam, who tasted of the Tree of Knowledge and opened his eyes to his world, and was then cast from the blissful paradise of innocence. Works Cited and Consulted Botting, Fred. Making monstrous. Frankenstein, criticism, theory. Manchester University Press, 1991. Mellor, Anne K. Mary Shelley. Her Life, her Fiction, her Monsters. Methuen. New York, London, 1988. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus. Edited with an Introduction and notes by Maurice Hindle. Penguin books, 1992 Spark, Muriel. Mary Shelly. New York: Dutton, 1987. Fallen Innocence in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Essay -- Frankenstein Fallen Innocence in Frankenstein      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "All things truly wicked start from an innocence." Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Creature was not born evil.   Nor was his corruption his fault. He was born innocent, without fault or sin.   The Creature was turned to a Monster after he learned of humanity, and what a cold, cruel thing it can be.   He was shunned, beaten, chased, and persecuted by those who did not understand him.   The Monster then turned bitter and vengeful, and hated his creator for giving him life.   In Marry Shelly's Frankenstein, The Creature symbolizes fallen innocence, his childlike naivete stripped away by the cold, uncaring world.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Creature was truly innocent after his creation.   At first, he knew nothing but base urges and desires.   He was confused buy his senses, unable to distinguish between them.   He only took clothes to shelter him from the bitter cold, not because he was shameful.   He did not even remember his first meeting with is creator.   All he desired were basic animal needs.   He hunted for fruit and nut to stop the pangs of hunger.   He slept in the forest under the stars.   He sought meager shelter to keep him dry.   These were all he desired before he knew of man.   Only after silently observing a family for months did he learn of the ways of mankind.   He became self-aware and learned common knowledge.   He tediously acquired a written and oral language.   Then he yearned to meet his benefactors.   For years after his creation, the Creature was innocent.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout his bitter life, the Creature was dealt one blow from humanity after another.   After spending time in the cold, wet woods, he sough... ...ined in the wilderness, the Creature would have retained in virtue.   However, once he was brought into the world of man, he slowly became a diabolical demon.   He became bitter as he realized what he was, and as humanity shunned and beat him.   The Creature was not evil, but he was more like Adam, who tasted of the Tree of Knowledge and opened his eyes to his world, and was then cast from the blissful paradise of innocence. Works Cited and Consulted Botting, Fred. Making monstrous. Frankenstein, criticism, theory. Manchester University Press, 1991. Mellor, Anne K. Mary Shelley. Her Life, her Fiction, her Monsters. Methuen. New York, London, 1988. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus. Edited with an Introduction and notes by Maurice Hindle. Penguin books, 1992 Spark, Muriel. Mary Shelly. New York: Dutton, 1987.

Negative Effect of Internet Essay

You are at home in the U.S.A. and want to contact a friend in Ecuador, so you use the internet to communicate and life is better now. While, internet shortens the distances there are also three other negative effects impersonal communication, community misinformation and identity theft. First of all, most of us know how to use a computer but, do you remember the last time you wrote a letter to your mother in Chicago instead of sending an e-mail? Each day people prefer more the use or impersonal communication media such as chat rooms, e-mail than calling or writing to their families. At this moment the contact between families is at risk. The second negative effect or internet appears to be related with the impersonate characteristic we talked previously. Because, internet is impersonal most of the time, is the perfect media for spreading rumors and misinforming the entire community. A very common form of misinformation is the use of chain letters. For example, someone sends you an e-mail saying that McDonald’s burgers are genetically engineered (and you believe it even without evidence) so you send the same e-mail to all your contacts. Within a few hours your contacts do same as you and hundreds of people believe in the e-mail without any attempt to confirm the content. The third and last negative effect of internet is the identity theft. If the chain letters we were talking about don’t scares you yet, pay attention to your personal information. Each day two out of five citizens suffer some king of identity theft. Because a lot of transactions are made through the internet it is easy to steal your social security number and your credit card number. Furthermore, sometimes you give the information to the thieves without knowing it when you apply for that risk free credit card online, or pay for products on-line. In summary, the internet can make communication fast but impersonal, can also misinform and somebody else can steal your identity, without your knowing. As a result, I encourage people to visit the family, don’t believe everything you see on the internet and be aware of where you use your personal data including credit cards.

Rhetorical Questions for English Learners

Rhetorical Questions for English Learners Rhetorical questions can be defined as questions that are not really meant to be answered. Rather, rhetorical questions are asked in order to make a point about a situation or to point out something for consideration. This is a very different usage than yes/no questions or information questions. Lets quickly review these two basic types before moving on to rhetorical questions. Yes/No questions are used to quickly get an answer to a simple question.  They are usually answered with the short response using only the auxiliary verb. For example: Would you like to come with us tonight?Yes, I would. Did you understand the question?No, I didnt. Are they watching TV at the moment?Yes, they are. Information questions are asked using the following question words: WhereWhatWhen / What timeWhichWhyHow many / much / often / far / etc. Information questions are answered in full sentences. For example: Where do you live?I live in Portland, Oregon. What time does the movie start?The movie starts at 7:30. How far is it to the next gas station?The next gas station is in 20 miles. Rhetorical Questions for the Big Questions in Life Rhetorical questions pose a question that is intended to make people think. For example, a conversation might begin with: What do you want to do in life? Thats a question we all need to answer, but its not easy... How much time does it take to become successful? Thats an easy question. It takes a lot of time! Lets take a look at what success requires so that we can get a better understanding.   Where do you want to be in 15 years? Thats a question that everyone should take seriously no matter how old they are. Rhetorical Questions to Draw Attention Rhetorical questions are also used to point to something important and often have an implied meaning. In other words, the person who poses the question is not looking for an answer ​but wants to make a statement. Here are some examples: Do you know what time it is? - MEANING: Its late.Who is my favorite person in the world? - MEANING: You are my favorite person.Wheres my homework? - MEANING: I expected you to turn in the homework today.What does it matter? - MEANING: It doesnt matter. Rhetorical Questions to Point Out a Bad Situation Rhetorical questions are also often used to complain about a bad situation. Once again, the actual meaning of the quite different than the rhetorical question. Here are some examples: What can she do about that teacher? - MEANING: She cant do anything. Unfortunately, the teacher isnt very helpful.Where am I going to find help this late in the day? - MEANING: Im not going to find help this late in the day.Do you think Im rich? - MEANING: Im not rich, dont ask me for money. Rhetorical Questions to Express a Bad Mood Rhetorical questions are often used to express a bad mood, even depression. For example: Why should I try to get that job? - MEANING: Ill never get that job!Whats the point in trying? - MEANING: Im depressed and I dont want to make an effort.Where did I go wrong? - MEANING: I dont understand why Im having so many difficulties lately. Negative Yes/No Rhetorical Questions to Point to a Positive Negative rhetorical questions are used to suggest that a situation is actually positive. Here are some examples: Havent you had enough awards this year? - MEANING: Youve won a lot of awards. Congratulations!Didnt I help you on your last exam?  - MEANING: I helped you on your last exam.Wont he be excited to see you? - MEANING: He will be very excited to see you. Hopefully this short guide to rhetorical questions has answered any questions you may have on how and why we use them. There are other types such as question tags to confirm information and indirect questions to be more polite.

war papers

war papers war papers 23/01/14 Writing Task: â€Å"Wars are mainly caused by religious beliefsâ€Å". To what extent do you agree with this sentence? Paragraph 1: I agree that â€Å"war are mainly caused by religious beliefs† because it starts by a group of people not following or disagreeing with their religion. Then people get involved and spread rumours until one of the countries attack and declare war on the other. For example, if you’re rude, wealthy, royal, attack someone or rule specific territories ALL of these cause war. Paragraph 2: For instance, Syria and Libya still have problems with their president. This is not mainly because of religion but it played some parts. Israel and Palestine where fighting because after the second world war a lot of Jews had moved to America to get away from the Nazis. America didn't want them because it was getting crowded, so they took a load of land off Palestine and gave it to the Jews to live on calling it Israel, the Holy land for Jews. Palestine basically wants their land back and the Israelites say no because it's their Holy land. Paragraph 3: The Crusades were a series of Holy Wars launched by the Christian states of Europe against the Saracens. The term 'Saracen' was the word used to describe a Moslem during the time of the Crusades. The Crusades started in 1095 when Pope Claremont preached the First Crusade at the Council of Claremont. The Pope's preaching led to thousands immediately affixing the cross to their garments - the name Crusade given to the Holy Wars came from old French word 'crois' meaning 'cross'. The Crusades were great military expeditions undertaken by the Christian nations of Europe for the purpose of rescuing the holy places of Palestine from the hands of the Mohammedans. They were eight in number, the first four being sometimes called the Principal Crusades, and the remaining four the Minor Crusades. In addition there was a Children's Crusade.

Free Essays on Wrigley And Lopez

The authors Wrigley and Lopez each are able to paint vivid pictures within their writing. Robert Wrigley, known best for his poetry, writes with a very detailed style and has a very personal attachment to the place he calls home, the Pacific Northwest. Barry Holstun Lopez, however, writes with a much different style. Lopez fuses intricate stories with more philosophical subject matter. His text is challenging to read, and presents the reader with a difficult task. As different as these two authors are, there are many aspects to their passages that are quite similar. One could easily make the argument that there is a common ground between them. Both of these works contain a common theory or belief about places and how people respond to places. Both writers make a statement about what people value in places. It is also obvious to the reader that both Wrigley and Lopez can fully see and appreciate the inherent beauty of the intricate and complex nature of their surroundings. Wrigley finds himself completely in awe over the natural allure of the irregular landscape consisting of mountains, canyons, and winding rivers. Lopez takes note of the smaller details of the landscape that one might be inclined to overlook. He writes of the crumbling sand under your feet in the Sonoran Desert, the black-throated sparrow that makes its home in the paloverde bush, and animal tracks that have been made almost incomprehensible by the fierce wind. Such idiosyncrasies of the terrain might not be observed by a less careful individual. Undoubtedly the biggest link between these two passages is the connection that the authors make between the landscape and their art. Wrigley argues that the landscape comes out in everybody’s writing. I can relate to him when he says this, because I think that the landscape that I consider to be my home definitely is very influential to the way that I write. I can’t quite experience for myself the solitary emptiness ... Free Essays on Wrigley And Lopez Free Essays on Wrigley And Lopez The authors Wrigley and Lopez each are able to paint vivid pictures within their writing. Robert Wrigley, known best for his poetry, writes with a very detailed style and has a very personal attachment to the place he calls home, the Pacific Northwest. Barry Holstun Lopez, however, writes with a much different style. Lopez fuses intricate stories with more philosophical subject matter. His text is challenging to read, and presents the reader with a difficult task. As different as these two authors are, there are many aspects to their passages that are quite similar. One could easily make the argument that there is a common ground between them. Both of these works contain a common theory or belief about places and how people respond to places. Both writers make a statement about what people value in places. It is also obvious to the reader that both Wrigley and Lopez can fully see and appreciate the inherent beauty of the intricate and complex nature of their surroundings. Wrigley finds himself completely in awe over the natural allure of the irregular landscape consisting of mountains, canyons, and winding rivers. Lopez takes note of the smaller details of the landscape that one might be inclined to overlook. He writes of the crumbling sand under your feet in the Sonoran Desert, the black-throated sparrow that makes its home in the paloverde bush, and animal tracks that have been made almost incomprehensible by the fierce wind. Such idiosyncrasies of the terrain might not be observed by a less careful individual. Undoubtedly the biggest link between these two passages is the connection that the authors make between the landscape and their art. Wrigley argues that the landscape comes out in everybody’s writing. I can relate to him when he says this, because I think that the landscape that I consider to be my home definitely is very influential to the way that I write. I can’t quite experience for myself the solitary emptiness ...

Common stock evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Common stock evaluation - Essay Example Stock valuation also enables potential investors gauge the performance and value of stock in the securities market. Establishing the worth of shares helps one make informed investment decision. The managers use this valuation in the analysis of the worth of their business. This information is also useful to creditors in gauging the credit worthiness of a company before advancing credit (Hoover, 2005). This method values the share price by use of forecasted dividends and discounting them. When the figure obtained from the DDM is higher to value of shares presently trading then the stock is considered undervalued (Hoover, 2005). The anticipated earnings price (E/P) ratio is the measure of the firm’s cost of equity. A stock calculated on the zero-growth model can vary in value when the capitalization rate varies as it viewed risk changes (Hoover, 2005). The constant-growth method is essential in valuing stock of stable companies with dividends rising steadily over time. This model estimates an intrinsic stock value stock using the average dividend growth and forecasting it to dividend rises. The denominator remains the same when the rate of capitalization and dividend growth remains unchanged yearly. The stock’s basic value rises per annum by the proportion of the rise in dividend. Both the share price and the dividend amount will rise by the steady -growth factor, g. The model considers only the quantitative and not the qualitative values. Future changes are ignored in calculations.  This model is unfavorable for firms and market with quick changing dividend

H.W Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

H.W - Essay Example In addition, the Chief Elected Official shall chair and over-see the planning committee in charge of making plans associated with emergency hazard management. The director shall be responsible for making arrangements to coordinate the Municipal’s Emergency Response Plan for Hazardous materials as well as necessary hazardous emergency services with the Hazardous management Committee, the Local Hazardous Management Team i.e. Fire Department, Local Police et cetera. He/she shall hold annual meetings with the Emergency Hazardous Response Team in an annual basis in order to facilitate determination of challenges faced by the team, thus formulating effective solutions for the identified challenges. In addition the Emergency Management Director shall facilitate the establishment of a mass notification channel in the case that an unexpected Hazardous incident occurs. On the other hand, he/she shall coordinate emergency preparedness sessions for refresher training for the Emergency Response Team as well as the Municipal Employees as required by the department. The Management Director shall also oversee or coordinate frequent exercises geared towards testing the efficacy of emergency management plans, equipment and making necessary improvements. Moreover, the Management Director shall be responsible for conducting an annual hazard threat as well as vulnerability assessments in order to facilitate emergency funding procurement and other aspects of budgeting. In collaboration with other Emergency Response Team members, the Emergency Director shall conduct public awareness programs and educations in order to prepare the locals for emergency cases. In the case that there is state, local or even federal meetings organized by the government to discuss issues ascribed to response towards emergency hazards and public safety, the Emergency Management Director shall attend to facilitate

Lean Operations Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lean Operations Assignment - Essay Example The market if affected by customer demands and availability of equipments. The industry has grown to be one of the largest aircraft assembles in the world. Most customers prefer boeing as their choice of aircraft assembling. Major changes in the boieng industry include the introduction of small and more efficient machines that take less time to assemble the aircraft. Other changes include new decisions by enginners that create better airplanes for the future. The Issues that surround Boeing include delays in incoming materials, defective parts, assembling errors that are related to excessive number of parts, lack of repeatability and action tracker issues. Other issues include the consolidation process by engineers. Single line consolidation is complex and costly to engineers in terms of installing and maintaining. Another issue is the lack of a hard focus on value stream identity for dominant plane configurations and the customers. Another issue is mixing Line 1 and Line 2 in the same value streams. Accommodating many orders into a single assembly line can stretch out the average lead times. The author suggests that if the product line is manufactured in four modestly sized buildings, then enlarge one of them enough to accommodate all the products under one roof, then this prevents complexities that come along in single line.The author further states that Line 1 and Line 2 should be organized into separate value streams. Line 1 should be dedicated to high runner configuration and Line 2 to dogs and cats configurations so as to prioritize the customer orders. To reduce the issue of time and delays on incoming materials, ship action trackers should be installed to monitor the progress of

Operation Market Garden Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Operation Market Garden - Essay Example The basis of the attack was the stunning and unanticipated victory of Operation Overboard of June 1944 as well as in the battle for Normandy. General Eisenhower the absolute allied commander, had evaluated the combat power of the German forces and approved the operation, risky as it was. The allies’ alleged that the German forces were so demoralized and jumbled, thus could not withstand further attacks. Eisenhower strategized to attack the German forces along the whole front and eventually end the war (Schultz 20). The operation Market Garden failed mainly due to planners assumptions. The Allies got into a near dilemma in Normandy after the great success as they were exhausted and required some time to reorganize themselves. Deficiency of material supplies nearly brought the operation to a halt. Another setback was when the allies they anticipated collapse of the German forces. They therefore, predicted the war was coming into a conclusion. Many commandants now put their focus on the probable promotions they would get due to this achievement. Another reason was that the Germans had reorganized themselves by early September. German forces had an advantage since the terrain they had to defend was small which enhanced communication (Schultz 26). The consequences of the failure of the Operation Market Garden were include, it demoralized the allies, which prolonged the war. In addition, the allies suffered losses where 10% officers were killed and 50% captured while several others were critically injured. Eisenhower and Montenegro also suffered public scrutiny (Schultz

Interdependence evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Interdependence evaluation - Essay Example Automobile companies spend their time to improving the total quality of their products. Bankers tried their best to bigger banks with global presence. Media companies aggressively reaching out at new markets with new vigor. Telecom companies are buying out stakes in far away markets to gain more strength. In such a scenario competitive strength is the crucial word. The entrepreneurs understand the increasing pressure on them in this global business scenario. So they are improving their quality of the product and service to face the competition ahead. Technology has played a major role in deciding competitive strength. Cutting across sector all business units are deliberately and seriously vying options to improve their technology. Here comes the importance of interdependence. People everywhere want goods and services. Goods are tangible items such as books, cars, carrots, paper clips, and shirts. Services are activities that people want done for them, such as haircuts, car repairs, teaching, or housecleaning. Fortunately, every society is endowed with resources which can be used to provide many of these goods and services. These resources, which economists call productive resources, are usually classified into three groups such as land, labour and capital. He says that while land refers to natural resources, labour is human work and capital is physical resources. While productive resources are limited but individuals want unlimited goods and services from limited resources. This gap between production and demand creates scarcity of commodities Entrepreneurs are those who address this scarcity and provide goods and services. The entrepreneur purchases scarce productive resources, and then organizes the production of a particular good or service. (Harlan R Day, Economics and Entrepreneur, Indiana Department Of Education, Center for School Improvement and Performance, Office of School Assistance, 1991) The main goal of the entrepreneur is to make Profit from his products or services. To become a successful entrepreneur need to understand his customers needs. This has necessitated more cautious approach from the entrepreneur. The entrepreneur has to choose carefully scarce productive resources Resources used to produce one particular good or service cannot be used to produce another. The true cost of using a resource is the best alternative use for that resource. Economists call this best alternative use of the opportunity (Harlan R Day, Economics and Entrepreneur, Indiana Department Of Education, Center for School Improvement and Performance, Office of School Assistance, 1991) Recently entrepreneurship has been modeled explicitly as a form of human capital accumulation usually linked to the long run size of the firm (Bates 1990, Iyigun and Owen 1998, Otani 1996). It was also said that the availability of external financing is a crucial determinant of the amount of entrepreneurial activity in a community (Evans and Jovanovic 1989, Evans and Leighton 1989, Kihlstrom and Laffont 1979). But in the today's context, there have been drastic changes on the role of business. Though profit is continued to be the driving force for entrepreneurs and enterprises, the way of production and services have changed in both concept and meaning. It is

Operation Market Garden Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Operation Market Garden - Essay Example The basis of the attack was the stunning and unanticipated victory of Operation Overboard of June 1944 as well as in the battle for Normandy. General Eisenhower the absolute allied commander, had evaluated the combat power of the German forces and approved the operation, risky as it was. The allies’ alleged that the German forces were so demoralized and jumbled, thus could not withstand further attacks. Eisenhower strategized to attack the German forces along the whole front and eventually end the war (Schultz 20). The operation Market Garden failed mainly due to planners assumptions. The Allies got into a near dilemma in Normandy after the great success as they were exhausted and required some time to reorganize themselves. Deficiency of material supplies nearly brought the operation to a halt. Another setback was when the allies they anticipated collapse of the German forces. They therefore, predicted the war was coming into a conclusion. Many commandants now put their focus on the probable promotions they would get due to this achievement. Another reason was that the Germans had reorganized themselves by early September. German forces had an advantage since the terrain they had to defend was small which enhanced communication (Schultz 26). The consequences of the failure of the Operation Market Garden were include, it demoralized the allies, which prolonged the war. In addition, the allies suffered losses where 10% officers were killed and 50% captured while several others were critically injured. Eisenhower and Montenegro also suffered public scrutiny (Schultz

Critical Evaluation of HRM and Organisation Behaviour Theories Coursework - 2

Critical Evaluation of HRM and Organisation Behaviour Theories Frameworks - Coursework Example The paper explains that human resource management is a broad spectrum of professional mandate that has to do with anything that deals with the handling of people (human resource). As far as the people are concerned, human resource management caters for â€Å"compensation, hiring, performance management, organization development, safety, wellness, benefits, employee motivation, communication, administration, and training†. Human resource management has been given a theoretical framework by the Business Ball whereby it is related to the psychological contract. It is said that â€Å"The Psychological Contract' is an increasingly relevant aspect of workplace relationships and wider human behavior.† This means that human resource management is considered a necessary phenomenon not just because of the fact that it is needed to lead to the growth and development of an organization but then because it is needed to be in place to protect the basic relationship that needs to exis t between the human workforces in the organization.   This makes human resource management an aspect of organizational management that is needed to have a more permanent basis. It is in this regard that human resource management has always been discussed along with the lines of organizational behavior – because the organizational behavior has a more permanent stake in all organizations. Organizational Behavior has been explained as â€Å"the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations† (Clark, 1998). This means that organizational behavior can lead to a better comprehension of the type of human resource management that should be in place at a workplace or a given organization and this is the reason why the two concepts are always treated hand in hand. Assumptions underpinning the way in which HRM and organizational behavior theories and frameworks have been propagated Rank (2011) notes that human resource management and organizational behavior has existed with humankind since time immemorial. The only difference is that these two phenomena of management have been through a lot of changes and transitions. The good news is that handling of both human resource management and organizational behavior has been improving with time. There is indeed exists a chain of assumptions underpinning why and how theories and framework of human resource management and organizational behavior all came about. Rank (2011) attributes the conception of the two theories and framework to the emancipation of human rights such that the need to promote the well-being and welfare of all people - regardless of whether they are employees or employers was deemed necessary.  

The Treaty of Versailles Essay Example for Free

The Treaty of Versailles Essay a. What restrictions were placed on Germany’s armed forces by the treaty of Versailles? (4 marks) -Conscription banned -Not allowed an air force or submarines -Only allowed 6 battleships -Only allowed 100,000 men in the army b. Explain why Clemenceau wanted to treat Germany so harshly (6 marks) -During the First World War, two thirds of men in the French army had been killed or injured. Not only this but their industry, land and population were all in decline while Germany’s was increasing. They felt they had to stop this and make Germany pay for the suffering they had caused France. -France felt threatened by Germany and wanted to do something that would cripple and weaken Germany to stop them attacking France. The French saw the Treaty of Versailles as an opportunity to do this and wanted to ensure it was harsh enough to stop Germany. -Clemenceau particularly wanted to treat Germany harshly because of the pressure he was under from the French people. They were feeling the full after effects of World War 1 and wanted to make Germany feel the same way. c. How far were the terms of the Treaty justified? Explain your answer. (10 marks) The Treaty of Versailles is justified because Germany treated other countries, especially Russia, very harshly during the war and they had to feel how the other countries felt and suffer the consequences the war brought. -Not only was the Treaty justified, but it could have been made a lot worse. Many countries were angry about the war and some felt that the Treaty simply didn’t punish and cripple Germany in a way that would stop them from starting another war. They wanted an even harsher treaty. -However, the Treaty of Versailles cannot be justified, as the huge  £6.6 billion worth of reparations that was forced upon German left their economy in shambles. This led to the Ruhr Crisis in 1923, hyperinflation and food shortage in Germany. It showed that the victors had very little sympathy towards Germany and simply wanted them to suffer. Not only did the Treaty leave Germany in a terrible economic situation, but the fact that they were left out of all discussions about the terms of the Treaty and that they weren’t invited to join the League of Nations, simply angered Germany and made them want revenge. -The Treaty of Versailles not only made Germany suffer, but made them accept full blame and responsibility for the war. This is not fair as Germany only played a part in starting the war. Many other countries cause a lot of damage and Germany alone cannot be held entirely responsible. In conclusion, the Treaty of Versailles cannot be justified as it simply made the situation worse, angering Germany and leaving them wanting revenge. Yes, Germany had to be punished but not to such the extent as crippling their economy and leaving them almost powerless.

Perception Visual System

Perception Visual System Critically evaluate two fundamental approaches to explaining perception. Perception is our sensory experience of the world around us and involves recognition of environmental stimuli which allows us to act within our environment which is critical to our survival. There are two contrasting theories which both seek to explore and explain perception. These two theories are the constructivist approach and the ecological approach. Both ecological and constructionist approaches branch out to explain depth perception, optic flow pattern, visual system, prior knowledge of visual objects and the surrounding environment and overall, give a greater insight into defining perception. In order for us to understand visual perception we have to look more closely at the different parts of the visual system to understand how the visual system works. According to Gregory â€Å"The task of the eye and brain is quite different from either a photographic or a television camera converting objects merely into images† (Atkinson, 2002. pg. 34), Gregory clearly explains from the aforementioned quote that the eye and the brain consists of many different stages from light entering the eye to the eye producing the image to which we perceive in the environment. The factors that generally make up this process are mainly consisted of the colour, movement, and brightness of the perceived image (Atkinson, 2002). The image below gives an indication into how the eye and its multi-different parts process light when entering the eye. In order for visual perception to take place, a number of processes must occur involving the structures within the eye and the brain. The human eye is comprised of many parts which work together to process light when entering the eye. When optical light rays pass through the pupil; the ray of light automatically transforms into information that the persons brain interprets (Wade, 2001). The cornea focuses the light on the lens once light has passed through the pupil of the eye. Following on from this step the lens then focuses the light by focusing the light across the back of the eye across the retina. Finally, the retina sends light signals to the brain via the optic nerve which is where the information is processed and depicts the image in which we see as the perceiver (Wade, 2001). These steps are crucial to allowing us to view images from the environment. Many theories argue and hypothesise ‘how the information is really produced within the visual system. There are many theorists who argue that perception is indirect. Indirect theory is based upon the notion that perception is built upon the intervening of memories and representations as far as the environment is concerned (Gordon, 1997). This means, according to Gregory, that the environment provides us with stimulated senses which we then receive as retinal images from the optical array of light, which is then processed by the visual system to produce an image from the viewed environment on the back far end of the eye (retina) to project the image perceived. Gregory (Grieve, 1986) introduced the ‘Hypothesis theory, which according to Gregory, the signals we receive from our brain are compared with our expectation of what we ‘expect to see and presume how an object should look like. The ‘Hypothesis theory, generally assumes that we ‘hypothesise what we see and predict the shape and size and depth of an object. Gregory (Grieve, 1986) used an ice cream as an example to prove his point further. Most of us have consumed an ice cream before, and so once we eat a future ice cream we hypothesise the fact that we may need to take precautions to not eat the ice cream too fast this time, if eaten fast the first time on contact with this object. This simple example can be used for many other objects too within the environment. No strong evidence of psychological research of this theory actually exists but it is a theory none the less to take into consideration when concerning the explanation of perception. Gregory (Grieve, 1986) argued further that perception is nearly always accurate despite the absence of a limited amount of signals sent from the brain to the visual system is not always obtained properly. For example, we see and perceive objects such as a familiar bus timetable that we can see from a far distance. We know what a bus timetable comprises of (destination, departure, and arrival times from a familiar route), although we can only see a ‘part of the timetable from the distance we make an assumption from prior knowledge to complete the missing stimuli and complete the image being perceived. Gregory (Gordon, 1997) argued that what we perceive of an object image in our minds changes based on prior knowledge, however the interpretation changes and not the object itself. Gregory (Bruce, 2003) also argued further that if we understand an image showing an object being smaller than in reality, ‘ponzo illusion going into a far distance, humans must use a substantial amount of information interpreted from the brain to distinguish and separate the image perceived to reality, as quite obviously the smaller size of the track couldnt possibly be this small in reality and so cognition corrects this illusion. According to the direct perception theory however, direct perception theory argues that all information required for visual perception is biologically obtained from prior knowledge which is in contrast to the indirect theory which states that new information must be processed through the visual system from the optical array of light. Gibsons perspective is based upon the ‘direct perception theory which according to Gibson is explained in the following quote; â€Å"Optic array of light provides a direct abundance of visual information which we use to project an image of an object from the surrounding environment.† (Gibson, 1986, p.g.12). What Gibson generally means from the aforementioned quote is that information of the viewed object is contained in the optic array of light in ‘direct contact with the eye, but also that the perceiver recognises and perceives his or her own environment from biological past senses, hence the meaning of the named, ‘Direct perception theory. This is a process of information pick up which tends to revolve around looking at objects distinctly and observing the environment. Gibson devised a rare study during the dangerous period of World War 2, a study concerning visual perception concerning American pilots landing an aircraft after studying training films taugh t by Gibson detailing visual perception. Gibson served in the U.S air force during the dark era of World War 2. Gibson was asked by a higher serving member of the army to produce training films which involved teaching the American pilots to land an aircraft in a safe manner. Before this even in Gibsons life, he only concentrated on perception involving non-movement, which did limit Gibsons research a fair margin. Gibson tried to understand how and what pilots perceive when flying and when landing an aircraft, which led Gibson to study the subject are of perception of motion (Gibson, 1986). While conducting this field of research Gibson discovered the ‘optic flow pattern which promoted his ‘direct theory for further proving that his theory has the correct view point upon perception (Gibson, 1986). ‘Optic flow pattern of course, proved to be, according to Gibson, information flowing through the optical array of light to our visual system information containing the objects and overall environment in which we see. For the pilots, this was an everyday occurrence and so became ‘used to their environment when landing their aircraft due to prior knowledge. Gibson (Gibson, 1986) argued that the new ‘optic flow pattern theory provides the perceiver with information regarding speed and distance of the perceived environment (pilot). The optic flow pattern appeared to the viewer as if the environment is moving away from the perceiver while the perceiver remains motionless in the cockpit (environment is flowing past the perceiver while the pilot remains ‘motionless in the aircraft). Gibsons direct perception theory as this led to the theory splitting into three other key areas such as; affordance, textured gradients and optic array. Affordance, according to Gibson, is attaching meaning to an object, such as climbing up and down a ladder and driving a car as a sue for transport and so on. From this ‘affordance theory Gibson rejected the long term memory theory which stated that we know what objects mean from past memory. Optic array, according to Gibson, provides information about the environment from the light entering the eye to providing images to the retina section of the eye. Gibson believed that this was more automatic so to speak and provided accurate and stable information about the object being perceived. As far as textured gradient is concerned, it was believed by Gibson that it provides information about the distance of the object and the speed or non speed of the object (Eysenck, 2005). Gibson findings from the field research concerning the American pilots produced two ingredients for further backing his theory; pole and horizon. The pole is the point of direction in which the viewer is moving which is in relation to the horizon, which is concerned with the height of the perceiver. Height is extremely important with regards to viewing objects, as found from the American pilot training research (Eysenck, 2005). The horizon from a ground level perspective when viewing a ponzo illusion shows the two line sin the far distance becoming smaller and coming to a non-parallel close, where as the horizon from a pilots view when looking down shows two plain parallel lines on a continuous pattern in comparison. Gibson concluded that from his research the constructionist approach was inadequate because the viewers perception is too ‘near perfect to be based on prior knowledge as this varies between person to person and saw perception as a very stable phenomena. Overall, Gibsons direct perception theory provided an important base for further research and developments. The two theories contrast each other when explaining depth perception. The ecological view argues that depth perception is perceived by biological cues which, for example, could be height in the field viewing the horizon. The pilot training experiment yet again proves to be a good example to use for aerial perception. (Objects are higher in the distance than nearby objects), texture gradients (faded objects in the distance). The constructionist view of perception argues for a different point of view. According to indirect perception theory, depth perception is only possible for the simple reason that objects are constant in shape and size and is impossible to just change appearance within the perceived environment (Schiffman, 2000). Relative size, according to indirect perception theory, gives an overview that although we may perceive different objects in the environment, different retinal images are produced from the different distance between each object, such as perceiving a different retinal image of the far end of the ponzo illusion although seeing the correct view at the nearest point of view to us. The two theories differ on their views when explaining the topic of visual illusions. The constructionists argue that we see three-dimensional illusion objects over 2 dimensional objects because the visual system and the brain perceives three-dimensional objects as a simpler object to project rather than two dimensional objects (Farah, 2000). Depth perception is key here as to the size, shape and the shadow effect that the object gives off during perceiving of the object. Critics have commented on the possible fact that the constructivist approach gives a computational feel effect when explaining and defending its theory (Farah, 2000). However, both theories are seen as computational, the difference is that the constructivists appear to process information that has nothing to do with sensory stimulation while the ecological approach however, flaws itself by only concentrating information found in stimulation; completely opposing the constructionist approach towards perception. Visual illusions work because the view we have is often of a very short time and usually two dimensional. However, the constructionist only go so far in understanding ‘seeing and not far enough in explaining how people assign meaning to illusions; much is yet to be explained further. The Necker cube is a good example of a visual illusion. As you can see from figure 2, when two lines cross, the picture does not show which is in front and which is behind. This makes the picture ambiguous; it can be interpreted two different ways. When a person stares at the picture, it will often seem to flip back and forth between the two valid interpretations, known as multi-stable perception (Humphrey, 1989). This illusion gives the impression that no sides of the cube are at all missing and that what the viewer is seeing is true. However, if you was to ignore prior knowledge, expectation, and assumption and viewed the cube from a total different angle you would come to the conclusion that the cube isnt what it appears to be as perceived. Viewing the figure picture from a certain perception point of view, it would appear that the cube is defying the laws of geometry. However, once the point of perception is changed to another angle we can clearly see that, from figure 1, it becomes clear that the beams are not solid as once thought (Eysenck, 2005). The illusion plays on the humans eyes interpretation of two-dimensional pictures as three-dimensional objects. This apparent solidity gives the impossible cube greater visual ambiguity than the Necker cube, which is less likely to be perceived as an impossible object. This wrong view of the cube on the left is also a good example of how wrong or flawed a theory can be due to the prior knowledge of objects from the ‘hypothesis theory by Gregory (1966). In conclusion, indirect perception believes that perception is built upon the fact that our visual system produces memories and representations of the environment which intervenes when viewing an object and the environment as a whole. Indirect theory also concludes that the (‘Hypothesis theory) the signals we receive from our brain are compared with our overall expectations of the presumed environment, along with our visual system predicting how a shape and size of an object should look like. Indirect theory also further concluded that prior knowledge and experience of an object helps us how to perceive it once more from viewing the object in the past (bus timetable) from a far distance. However, Gibsons direct perception theory can be concluded that from Gibsons own personal research, perception is based upon the optical flow pattern which contains the array of light, attached with it, information needed to reproduce this viewed environment from any angle and distance. Pole position from Gibsons research showed an illusion where the aircraft appeared to be motionless while the environmental moved past and around the aircraft, this produced the temptation for future researchers to investigate the subject of motion. Both theories show an intriguing insight into perception, however, neither one of the aforementioned theories appear to explain how the visual system works, as each theory is flawed and only produced a speculation into how the visual system functions. With future theories waiting to be introduced we may finally be able to answer the question, how does the visual system work?. References 1. Atkinson, J. (2002) ‘The Developing Visual Brain. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2. Bruce, V. (2003) ‘Visual Perception: Physiology, Psychology and Ecology. 4th edition, Hove: Psychology Press. 3. (2005)Necker Cube Experiment. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/apps/ifl/science/humanbody/mind/surveys/neckercube/decision?_next=index_1.tmpl  (Accessed on 18th January 2008). 4. Eysenck, M and Keane, M. (2005) ‘Cognitive Psychology: A students handbook, 5th Ed. Psychology Press. 5. Farah, M. (2000) ‘The Cognitive Neuroscience of Vision. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. 6. Gibson, J (1986) ‘The ecological approach to visual perception. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 8. Grieve, J. (1986) ‘Neuropsychology for occupational therapists: assessment of perception and cognition, 2nd edition. Oxford: Blackwell Science 9. Gordon, I (1997) ‘Theories of Visual Perception. Chichester: Wiley. 10. Humphrey, G. (1989) ‘Visual Cognition: Computational Experimental and Neuropsychological Perspectives, Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 11. Necker Cube and Impossible Cube. Available at: http://www.thebestlinks.com/Image__3A__Necker_cube_and_impossible_cube.PNG.html  (Accessed on; 18th January 2008) 12. Paterson, A. (2005) ‘Perception and Visual Cognition. Available at: http://www.psy.gla.ac.uk/~martinl/Assets/PVC/PVCL3ML.pdf (Accessed on: 16th January 2008) 13. Schiffman, H. (2000) ‘Sensation and perception: an integrated approach, 5th edition. New York: Wiley. 14. Wade, N (2001) ‘Visual Perception: an introduction. Hove: Psychology Press.

Good Writing :: essays papers

Good Writing What is good writing and who writes well? In my college essay writing class we have looked at three famous writers from different ages who are considered to be good writers—Seneca the Younger (3-65 A.D.), Plutarch (46-120 A.D.), and Michael de Montaigne (1533-1592 A.D.). Although they are from different times and places, these writers mastered the art of good writing. Albeit they wrote about different things, there are three aspects of their writings that they all have in common--they write about a topic that will catch the interest of the reader, they write clearly, and they are concise. Writing about something that interests your reader is a very important attribute for a writer. In Seneca’s On Noise he wrote about something that everyone can relate to, that is noise. Everyone has dealt with noise that has distracted and annoyed them, so by writing about it Seneca piques the interest of the reader because they want to see how he deals with and what he has to say about the problem. Plutarch’s Consolation to His Wife is of interest to readers because of the intimacy involved between a husband and wife even when dealing with the subject of the death of a child. There is something voyeuristic by nature in human beings, so this story captures one’s interest. Montaigne’s Of a Monstrous Child interests the reader because of the bizarre deformity of the child. Like the interest in what everyone has in common and voyeurism, people are also curious and interested in oddities. To be a well-written piece, a writing must also be clearly and understandably written. Seneca, Plutarch, and Montaigne all write with very good grammar, using common words and thoughts to express themselves. In their works these three writers are able to get their points across in a very easy to read fashion. Anyone who has had to try to stumble through a poorly written piece appreciates a work that is clearly written in an understandable manner. An other â€Å"must† for a writer to be considered a good writer is that his or her work be concise. Writings that seem to ramble on endlessly are a bore and torturous to read. Our three writers make good use of the virtue brevity. Seneca wrote what noise he encountered, how he dealt with it, how he thought it should be dealt with, what he was going to do about it, and then ended.

The Magna Carta :: essays research papers

â€Å"Magna Carta† In this edition of â€Å"politics† we will take a look at one of the most influential documents in history, this document is known as the â€Å"Magna Carta†. We shall look at its importance and what exactly it means.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This past decade we have had many changes some good, some bad our nation has been desecrated by the black death, crusades have struck our country, and our king has unlawfully ruling our country for some time now. The magna Carta was written to limit the of the king and to obtain our natural rights. The Magna Carta became known as one of the first documents to ever reduce the power of a king. Without boundaries, a ruler will abuse his power over the people. So in order for a ruler to govern a nation correctly he must have laws and boundaries to follow. The Magna Carta was the first document to start a lawful monarchy in England. The need for this document was because King John had taxed, mis-governed and neglected the peoples rights until the barons, particularly Stephan hangton, forced him to sign the Magna Carta on June 15,1215. The Magna Carta contained sixty-three articles covering many topics such as the rights and liberties of the church, financial concerns, royal courts and the treasury, the sharing of power between the king and barons, and the kings relationship with his subjects. The Magna Carta stated â€Å"We have also granted to all free men of our realm, on the part of ourselves and our heirs forever; all the subjoined liberties, to have and to hold, to them and to the heirs, from us and from our heirs.† This article said that people have the right to liberty at all times and the king nor any other person could take that right away. The Magna Carta :: essays research papers â€Å"Magna Carta† In this edition of â€Å"politics† we will take a look at one of the most influential documents in history, this document is known as the â€Å"Magna Carta†. We shall look at its importance and what exactly it means.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This past decade we have had many changes some good, some bad our nation has been desecrated by the black death, crusades have struck our country, and our king has unlawfully ruling our country for some time now. The magna Carta was written to limit the of the king and to obtain our natural rights. The Magna Carta became known as one of the first documents to ever reduce the power of a king. Without boundaries, a ruler will abuse his power over the people. So in order for a ruler to govern a nation correctly he must have laws and boundaries to follow. The Magna Carta was the first document to start a lawful monarchy in England. The need for this document was because King John had taxed, mis-governed and neglected the peoples rights until the barons, particularly Stephan hangton, forced him to sign the Magna Carta on June 15,1215. The Magna Carta contained sixty-three articles covering many topics such as the rights and liberties of the church, financial concerns, royal courts and the treasury, the sharing of power between the king and barons, and the kings relationship with his subjects. The Magna Carta stated â€Å"We have also granted to all free men of our realm, on the part of ourselves and our heirs forever; all the subjoined liberties, to have and to hold, to them and to the heirs, from us and from our heirs.† This article said that people have the right to liberty at all times and the king nor any other person could take that right away.

Managing Regulative Community Relationships

The introduction of the new technology has created a massive change in the global educational system. As of the present time, the proprietary educational industry is the trend in the academic arena. As clearly mentioned, the Internet is most commonly utilized for this reason. Academic companies who opt to provide educational services and gain amiable profit at the same time take advantage of this opportunity that is provided by technological revolution. In fact, â€Å"proprietary colleges are considered a cost efficient mode of course delivery† (NEA, Internet). To be able to have a fine share in the educational industry, which brings the proprietary educational companies with the profit that they ought to have, the regulations for the said system are strongly imposed by the government and some organizations that control them. This is to be able to ensure that the education provided by such companies is considerably of high level, amidst the profit-centered motives that they have towards the services that they provide the students who are enrolled in their curriculum offerings. In this regard, it could be noted that the regulations created for this type or proprietary companies tend to allow the developmental measures that could be taken into consideration. By being able to further develop their systems of employment as well as their class offerings that are open to the public, they are allowed to balance both their services and their profit share in the market. In comparison with the less stringently regulated industries such as the ones found in the internet (e.g. Amazon.com), proprietary education industry is able to attract an ample amount of market share in the educational industry which in a way, helps them attain the profitable goal that they have aimed upon creating the virtual educational institutions. Among the regulations that controls the proprietary educational companies’ activities is the corporate citizenship. This is a regulation that indicates that companies that provide public service, such as education, should have â€Å"a shift from a paradigm of doing no harm as one of adopting a role for a positive good (Tuck, Internet). This means that an educational company found in the virtual world must not only see to it that they are doing no harm to their clients but they are also able to provide their ‘stakeholders’ with the ample service that they give, which refers to the positive good of the corporate missions. As a result, many students are further attracted to the system of education that virtual universities or colleges offer. Certainly, the convenience that it brings the students is highly motivational for young students or even professionals who would like to learn more to take advantage of the course offerings provided by the said type of educational provisions. However, the profit-oriented goals of the company at times redefine the service that these educational companies are providing their clients. Wanting to actually earn an amiably high amount of returns from the effort that the administrations put forward for organizing such types of institutions over the net, they are usually grabbed away from the excellent educational service that they are expected to provide their students. Hence, as a result, the financial stability that could ensure the company’s future existence in the proprietary educational industry is dimmed and less given attention. As known to many, the risks in any kind of industry changes over the years. This is why Lucy Benholz has pointed out in one of her articles that â€Å"foundations from different regions and sizes have found that building strong relationship with the policy makers when times are good will afford them some access to the resources that are further stretched on all sides†(Internet). This mainly points out the fact that as the policies and regulatory systems of the industry changes over time, it would be helpful for the companies to develop close relationships with the policy makers. This way they are able to earn for themselves an access to the provisions and resources given by the regulatory board creators to help them readjust their systems and still be able to attain the profit-centered missions of the company. If this is not considered by the administration, it could be well expected that the company would have a hard time dealing with the adjustments that has to be done and in later times, it would not be impossible for the virtual company to loose its track and be eliminated in the proprietary educational industry. BIBLIOGRAPHY Tuck, Jackie. (2005). Managing community relationships, reputation and sustaining competitive advantage. School of Business University of Ballarat. http://www.latrobe.edu.au/csrc/fact2/refereed/tuck_lowe_mccrae.pdf. (January 3, 2007). NEA Research Update. (2004). Proprietary Education: Threat, or Not? http://www2.nea.org/he/heupdate/images/vol10no4.pdf.   (January 3, 2007). Bernholz, Lucy. Managing up in down times. http://www.blueprintrd.com/text/managingup.pdf. (January 3, 2007).      

Nature of Reality Essay

Reality is what you want it to be. Reality is a term that is used loosely, but comes in many different variations. There has never been or never will be one way to interpret reality, as it is built up of beliefs and values which vary from person to person. The true nature of reality is merely an illusion; it is the universe which exists in the mind. George Orwell develops this idea in the novel 1984 as he suggests that the true nature of reality is not defined by its validity but an outcome of society’s influences, and the boundaries of reality are constructed by the boundaries of imagination. Reality for a group or individual is not built up of truths; rather it is built up of what is believed to be true or factual. The citizens of Oceania lacked basic human rights. They worked long hours, no sense of privacy, and clearly deprived of any happiness. It would be logical to assume that this form of government is cruel and rebellion would spread like wild fire, but the citizens o f Oceania firmly believe that Big Brother is taking care of them. The reason they believe this is because they have no way to access any other source of information so they are left to accept what is told by the party. This one hundred percent belief that they are being taken care of clearly defines the reality of the citizens of Oceania, but has no validity to it. Winston starts realizing this when he reads a children’s book and says â€Å"In the end the Party would announce that two and two made five and you would have to believe it. It was inevitable that they should make the claim sooner or later: the logic of their position demanded it. Not merely the validity of the experience, but the very existence of external reality was tacitly denied by their philosophy.† This is the point where he starts realizing that the reality in which the party instills in the citizens of Oceania clearly is not based on logic (2+2=5) but is still enthusiastically accepted by the people. Humans are social creatures, we learn socially and through second hand knowledge passed down from society. So it makes sense to believe that the building blocks of reality, the beliefs and values which make it whole, are hugely influenced by the beliefs and values that society allows to be instilled. The Nazi rule of Germany during WWII will always be remembered as one of the darkest periods in human history. Many of the values that Hitler instilled and forced upon the citizens of Germany share the same concept in which Big Brother spread their values of hate and control, making them perfect  examples of each other. For both Nazi Germany and Oceania its citizens accepted the reality which practiced hate and scapegoat toward the enemy, ideas that would seem crazy in modern society and which would never be tolerated. So in Nazi Germany, why were these ideas so widely accepted? The citizens of Germany were surrounded by propaganda, the society in which they lived made it acceptable to act like that and enforced it, making the people believe that it’s the right way to think and believe, thus creating their reality. This is exactly the same way in which the party gained such control over the human mind, surrounding the people with propaganda hate, and nothing else, brainwashing the people to believe that it is the values reflected by the party is the most acceptable, and only way to act. When it comes down to it, the true boundaries of reality are defined by what is comprehensible by the human mind, also known as the imagination. The extent of the imagination stretches out as far as what has been seen or felt. It is impossible to know exactly what it would feel like to be on Pluto. Why? This is because nobody has ever had the experience of living on Pluto. The citizens of Oceania are completely oblivious of the outside world. The only knowledge they have is that which the party as allowed them to know. This is why in the middle of hate week, when Oceania switches allies the people blamed Emmanuel Goldstein for all of the negative propaganda about Eurasia. This is clearly another lie which the party fabricates to suck the citizens of Oceania into the negativity of their reality. This is not questioned though because the only experience the people have in terms of what they have seen or felt has been controlled by the party, so whatever the beliefs values or decisions the party reflects, no matter how ridiculous, will be enthusiastically accepted by the people. When Winston goes on about his love affair with Julia, he makes love to her and his mind opens up to the true pleasures of life. The party publicizes the idea that sex is a completely pleasure less act and should only occur with intent for reproduction. When Winston makes love to her it opens his mind up to what is possible beyond what the party is telling them. So why did this happen? Winston went through an experience which was out of the ordinary, which opened up his imagination and logically magnified his rebellion against the party because he came to the realization that there is more to life than what the party is allowing them to know. These limits of reality are defined  by how far the imagination can really stretch. George Orwell does a fantastic job exemplifying the true meaning of reality. The idea that reality is merely an outcome of experience and knowledge and nothing else is exaggerated by the totalitarian rule of Big Brother and the complete control of Oceania citizens. The belief that present reality is completely valid does make it reality, even if it is not completely factual. This was shown by the residents of Oceania as it was obvious they were being fed lies but accepted with no question. Everything that is inside your reality has been influenced by society, whether it is known or not, it is impossible to control, but what really restricts reality is imagination. If the citizens of Oceania were exposed to anything other than the beliefs and values of the party, there is no way that they would act and respond to it the same way as their reality would open up to new possibilities. Considering all of this, there is no way to know what is really true and whether what we believe and value is right or wrong. We may be living in a reality in which many possibilities of life are hidden, just in the way that freedom was hidden from Oceania.

Buyer Behaviour and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Buyer Behaviour and Analysis - Essay Example Consumers believe that a good brand name symbolizes high quality. The purpose of this study is to identify the reasons behind the adherence of consumers towards products that have a high brand image. Developing a good brand image is every firm’s objective. It helps to gain superior advantage over other firm in the industry and leads to generating higher sales. In order to develop brand image it is essential that the product is of high quality and meets customer requirements correctly. In respect of consumer behaviour, it is seen that consumers are largely driven towards purchasing those products that have a good brand image. High brand image indicate better quality products which helps attracting greater number of consumers. In case of high end products, brand image is also associated with luxury and greater social impact. A healthy brand image is therefore seen to influence consumer behaviour in a positive way (Nandan, 2005). The market for a single product can be flooded with numerous brands. It becomes difficult for consumers to decide which one is of the best quality. Instead of wasting time analyzing each brand, they are motivated to buy those products that already have a good reputation in the market. Consumers believe that quality and reputation go hand in hand. When consumers purchase a product that has a high brand image they automatically develop a trust upon the brand and view it to be of high quality (Jamal and Goode, 2001). Many consumers feel an increased level of satisfaction when they use a product that has high brand image. Brands are seen to infuse certain emotions and actions upon the behaviour of consumers. Such cognitive and virtual attributes of brand image drives consumer’s into purchasing specific products. It is seen that when an individual wears a branded watch, they experience a higher level of satisfaction although there is technically not much of a difference between a branded watch and an

AutoIndustry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

AutoIndustry - Essay Example Apart from that there are other renowned companies like Toyota, Mitsubishi, Honda and Suzuki had to close down their factories due to several problems like damage and lack of supply. Many people are optimistic that delivery and shortage of supply of cars from Japan may give a window of opportunity for the domestic manufacturers in the United States market. However this may be hard to achieve because most of the United States car manufacturers are dependent on the Japanese car component manufacturing industries. As a result of the disaster in Japan the global supply chain of the automobile industry have been disrupted. As a result there will be a delay in the delivery of the cars and even the prices of the cars in the US automobile market may rise in the recent years. Japan was a significant exporter of car components, essentially the electrical components to the US automobile companies. Companies like Ford manufacturing hybrid cars used to import the hybrid batteries for their cars f rom the Japanese company Sanyo. Though Sanyo has not been severely affected by the chain of disasters, the companies that supply their components to Sanyo have been affected. Therefore the supply chain has been destroyed (Rall). Japan is the third largest producer of car component for the US automobile industry after Germany and the domestic car component manufacturers. Year Percentage of Parts Import Percentage of Total Parts Market Value of Automotive part imported (in million dollars) 2000 23.2 5.1 14,535 2001 23.0 5.0 13,150 2002 21.0 4.9 13,498 2003 19.7 4.5 13,745 2004 20.2 5.1 15,494 2005 19.4 5.3 16,448 2006 17.6 4.8 15,377 2007 16.1 4.8 14,757 2008 16.2 5.1 13,486 2009 - - 8,774 (U.S. Department of Commerce, 67) The United States car manufacturing companies are dependent on the Japanese car component manufacturing companies for both the original equipments and the after parts. The original equipments are the components that are required at the factories for producing the ca rs. The after parts are the components that are used to replace the old components in a used car. The table shows that Japan has a significant share in the United States car component market. However there is significant drop in the value of import of car parts from Japan to United States in the year 2009. However that drop is due to a fall in demand for new cars in the United States market as an effect of the recession that plagued the country. However, the proportion of import of car parts is consistent with the previous trend. Therefore we can conclude about the dependence of the United States automobile industry on the Japanese Original equipment and after part manufacturing industry. Any adverse effect on the latter market will lead to a supply shortage in the United States automobile industry. The trade balance of car components of United States with Japan has also negative value in the considered period with the highest being 13,017 million dollars deficit in 2007. In United States the top 3 domestic companies have been the General Motors, Ford, and the Chrysler Group. They have been named as the Big Three by the industry. However their share of the car market has decreased significantly from 73.5% in 1995 to about 57% in 2005. In July 2006 Toyota had more sales than the previous second ranking Ford. Similarly Honda had more

Coca-Cola in India Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Coca-Cola in India - Case Study Example Coke’s initial response to the allegations that were brought against it by the Indian state could easily be defined as combative. As such, a combative response to such allegations hardly ever proves to be effective as it oftentimes appears that the firm is attempting to hide something rather than engaging actively to ameliorate the problem. Some of these dismissive/combative responses from Coca Cola I have included below: This is perhaps the most salient of the questions due to the fact that Coca Cola has an uphill battle on its hands with relations to public relations in India. Firstly, the company should continue to invest in the environmental infrastructure that shows the company has made a firm and continuing commitment to utilizing the resources of the host country in a responsible manner. Respecting India by being a good and fair steward of the resources exhibited therein would necessarily be a primary item that Coke must change in order to have an opportunity to regain lost market share. Similarly, refraining from participating in culturally insensitive displays such as the one that Coke engaged upon by sending the Coca Cola samples off to laboratories in England to be tested rather than in India is another important step. Similarly, Coca Cola will need to be mindful of the actions of its supply chain members as any one of these can negatively tarnish the image of the company. Furthermore, Coca Cola must cease and desist building bottling operations in areas that are prone to any level of desertification. Additionally, Coca Cola must be much faster in response to such a type of criticism in the future. By actively confronting an issue and working to fix whatever failings the firm might have, the level of customer trust is more or less retained. Similarly, focusing too heavily on the changes rather than actively pursuing to win back consumer

Human Resource (HR) Module in SAP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human Resource (HR) Module in SAP - Essay Example These products target different aspects or functionalities of a business and offer services accordingly. In this scenario, SAP’s Module for Human Resource Management is also called human resource management system that is commonly used to manage human resource related activities for the business organizations. With an integrated SAP ERP HCM software solution for managing all the human resource related operations, a business organization can be able to more enthusiastically recognize where their workforce's talents are at the present and bring into line the objectives of their employees with their business's overarching business policy. In addition, using this real-time approach to deal with human resources, a business is able to take advantage completely from human-capital policies and programs; and as a result determine their workforce's support to the bottom line. ... Moreover, with integrated building blocks and a matchless partner system, the system facilitates shared services and business operations outsourcing and minimizes operating expenses and risk for these operational models (SAP; kristine; Newman). This paper presents an overview of SAP ERP Human Resource System. This report will outline some of the important aspects of HR Module including its major functions and features. 2- SAP HR The objective of the Human Resources module is to facilitate businesses to process staff related data according to varying needs and requirements of a particular business organization in an efficient and effective manner. Basically, this module makes use of a system of data which is clustered collectively in a specific form known as info-types.   In this scenario, infotypes displays a number of linked data records. Additionally, the infotypes are identified by means of a four character numerical string [for example infotype Addresses (0006)] as well as a co mprehensive listing is incorporated. In fact, an organization can make use of the infotypes with time condition to facilitate a retroactive assessment of their staff data. In addition, the infotypes appears as an entry screen intended for client, through which the employees of an organization are able to enter, update and maintain infotype records.  Moreover, infotypes can also be processed independently or in immediate entry mode (ERP Great; Sieber, Siau and Nah; Jena, Baboo and Patnaik).   3- Main modules of SAP HR? SAP’s Human Capital Management (HCM) module integrates all the functionalities and procedures in three categories (ERP Great): 3.1- Workforce Process Management   This part of module integrates below given

Good Things About Designed by Groupism Case Study

Good Things About Designed by Groupism - Case Study Example Despite the negative experiences, I believe there are good things about designing by groupism. Sometimes, each person able to do what he does best. Everyone feels a part of project. The results of project were much better. There are good things about designing by groupism like each person able to do what he does best. Some students better with writing. Others better with speaking. Some better with doing. I was better with doing. So I did the code. Mary was better with writing. She kept notes and wrote the paper. Casey was best with speaking. He presented our project to the class. Sometimes, each person is able to do what he does best in groupism design. This is what happened in our group. We worked well together. It helped to have a good manager in the group. Other good things about designing by groupism are each person feels part of project. We each made suggestion about website. Some we used. Some we did not, but everyone made points that were used. Mary and I helped with layout. Mary and Casey did content. We all worked on code together. Each felt a part of project design by groupism. Casey really helped it all go smooth. At the end of the project, we all felt happy about how everything happened. The website was great. We were very proud of our work. The best thing about designing by groupism is the results of project were much better.

Catoon Obama Essay Example for Free

Catoon Obama Essay The cartoon shows President Barack Obama who is walking towards the White House. In the foreground there are two African-American which are hiding between the trees and bushes in the garden. Obama stops his march into the White House to look back to the black people and waves. One of them is retuning the gesture. In the garden are three sings. On one of them is the name â€Å"JIM CROW† written, which is a symbol of the race discrimination. He symbolizes the stereotype of a singing, dancing black man, who is satisfied with himself and the world around him, although his intelligence is below the average. On the other sings is â€Å"SEGREGATION† and â€Å"SLAVERY† written. These two words also refer to the history and discrimination of the African-American in the United States. In the left hand corner is a kind of headline which says â€Å"THE FINAL DESTINATION ON THE FREEDOM ROAD †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The cartoon is an exaggerated view on the events which are related to Obama’s presidency and his status as the first African-American President. The White House, which is located in the center of the picture and it’s painted in bright colours. Alpha This results a huge contrast to the dark forest on both edges of the picture. Obama is walking in the opposite way of the direction. This means, that he has overcome the discrimination and has become the first black president. But on his half way he pauses and looks back to the other black people and raises his hand, so that they know that he still knows, that he hadn’t forget them. He symbolizes the opportunities of the black people, and how much they have changed in the past fifty years, so even an African-American man can be in the nation’s highest office and be respected by the most of the American citizens. Obama’s still very popular so he was reelected although he isn’t that superhero figure. He has reached the final destination on the road of the freedom and the equality of the black.

Career Aspirations Of Individuals Commerce Essay

Career Aspirations Of Individuals Commerce Essay Every individual has an aspiration regarding his or her career. However organisation plays an important role in individual career aspiration. Recruitment plays a vital role in career aspirations because organisation need to be a learning organisation so that when they recruit employees, they have the motivation factor and the employees would have a feeling that they will develop and learn new ways that could be beneficial for their career growth.An individual leaves the company when there is no learning and motivation and he or she gets bored with the culture and environment of the organisation. Companies should mainly target the high performance of the employees. Good examples for this can the company Accenture. Accenture always focus on their responsibility of organisational change and transformational work. They involve talent and organisational performance to make workers more productive even under complex changes taking place in the working environment. Career transitions are result of improper work environment and stagnant learning behaviour of the organisation. The involvement of talent and organisational consulting helps the business operations even under pressure. Accenture also involves the customer relationship management. The recruitment procedure of Accenture is transparent as they look for applicant that has got broad understanding of the business. People who have got multi skills are recruited who are then nurtured by senior leaders of the organisation. Training and development program are one of the best way of retaining staff (John wiley and sons). Accenture provides on job training which helps the employees to learn and reach the top level and help them top grow continuously.() Mentoring is the important process which helps the recruitment because Accenture provides the support to their employees. Along with this they provide sound and competitive environment to cultivate mentoring relationship among the co-workers. They also involve the reviews and revising of their product so as to update them according to their taste and demand of the customers. The leaders are always working to implement the new ways for their employees to learn(-). They also provide online courses so that their employees always undergo the learning process. People from different culture works in Accenture that automatically creates the competitive and learning environment which is the basic requirement for the people to learn and develop their career goals.(www.accenture.com/careers) Organisation generally looks for people who can act as team workers. Knowledge enhancement and sharing can be another way of learning because this leads to the development of views from different individuals having different perspective (John Hall and Peter Oppenheim). Organisations search for people having a directed and focused target. Talent management is another important aspect that should be kept in mind during the process of the recruitment(-). Accenture process on long term consequences because companys regret when their decisions prove to be wrong and the employees start leaving the organisation. Implementation of innovative and effective approach to talent management can prove beneficial to improve the condition of the company even in the bad time. Accenture believes that if an organisation response quickly to talent management it can solve problem in much lesser time. Accenture has resource based strategies. It evaluates the talented workers as their asset and not the cost (www.accenture.com). By using the workers analytical talent, organisations can expand their analytical capabilities which in turn can increase the KSA of the employees.() New career forms have lot of importance on organisational activities. Recruitment should be done keeping in mind the flexibility for the employees so that employees feel that organisation cares for them. Availability of part time and full time options allows the employees to work more effectively. Job sharing can be a reason for staff retention. Job sharing is increasingly used by companies as broader views can be encountered because this may not be an individual persons view. Hence, view from different people can be beneficial for the company. Accenture can be a good example that favours for the flexible working. They believe that part time workers are more enthusiastic and energetic as they work for lesser time than a full time employee. Part time working is beneficial for Accenture because it helps to retain people with great potential.Flexi time helps to use the workers more effectively rather than making the employees to work long shifts every day as it decreases their efficienc y. Job sharing can be another possible flexible working style. Accentures working style is such that the work load is divided among different people because it ultimately involves more external views that can result in the better output. Job sharing is helpful in keeping people in career track(). Accenture does not discriminate on the basis of sex, colour or ethnic origin, in fact the only criteria is performance and qualification. Career transition can also be another mode of flexible working because in this case the companies send people outside the organisation around different locations of the world so as to get international experience of diversified culture which can be helpful in getting the extra factor for the success of the organisation. Job Analysis Before recruiting a candidate it is necessary to decide the nature of the job. It is necessary to overview what could be the possible output and whether it fits into the requirement criteria of the organisation and the job profile. Some of the ways of finding information regarding this can be interviews and questionnaire. However job analysis should be framed by keeping in mind using the Job/Person specification (CIPD).Job design is a group of motivational work patterns for improving the efficiency and satisfaction (Daft, 1990:530).Due to industrial revolution it is important for companies to switch to new methods that provide job satisfaction for employees which can help in providing positive outcomes (Morgan 1997:15). Job description and person specification A job description basically defines the roles and responsibilities of an individual in an organisation. A job description is important because it clearly describes the expectations of the employer for a particular vacancy in the company. A part from this a proper job description is also helpful in attracting the potential and talented applicants because it describes the nature and corporate image of the company. A job description may also be used as appraisal system to evaluate individuals performance. A person specification describes the skills and the knowledge required from a candidate to successfully operate a task. It clearly defines the requirement from the applicants and also provides the overall view of the expectations of the experience required to complete the task. A person specification is also helpful for the organisation in recruiting the candidates during the recruitment process. Person Environment Fit Person environment fit is the matching or alignment among the company culture and environment with the employees characteristics. The more is the alignment, the greater will be the positive the positive result (Schneider, Smit Goldstein,2002, OStroff,Shin Feiberg,2002).If there is mismatch among different ideas ,the employees will start to leave the organisation. Sometimes new comers may not be fit he organisational; characteristics and may develop conflicts which may decrease the efficiency of the employees(Chatman Barsades,1995).Person environment fit further adds to low staff turnover and establishes communication among different levels of the organisation. Organisational brand image plays an important role in attracting the potential applicants. This is because it is the organisations brand and recruitment image that increases the probability of applicants of contacting the organisation (Gatewood et al, 1993).The mail idea of employer branding is to attract the applicant that have the capacity and ensure that they identify the organisations mission and vision and then work to produce the desired outcome (Graeme Martin, 1998) E-Recruitment The purpose of E-Recruitment is to attract the potential employees to apply for posted vacancies. The Human Resource Management plays an important role in an organisation because recruitment is done keeping in mind the vision and mission of the company. The recruitment strategy of any organisation is to first identify the type of person necessary to fulfil a vacancy and then provide them with other training and development programmes to acquire KSA that may be required to deliver the vision and mission strategy. The principle aim of recruitment strategy is to attract quality and potential applicants. E-Recruitment is also sometimes known as online recruitment. E- Recruitment is recruitment of potential employees using the latest technology to attract and then recruit the candidates. There are several methods of recruitment. Internal recruitment is one in which a company find a replacement within the organisation, that is, someone from the organisation fills the vacancy whereas external recruitment is the process in which business works for the suitable applicant outside the organisation. There are several advantages of both the type of said recruitment. Some of the advantages of internal recruitment are that since the candidate is chosen from within the organisation, he/she is familiar with the environment and is quicker and cheaper to recruit. Apart from this company may already know the strength and weakness of the candidate. However there are some disadvantages like no new ideas from outside the organisation is inherited and also it creates another vacancy which anyhow needs to be filled in from other sources. The disadvantages of internal recruitment can be overcome in external recruitment like innovative ideas from outside the organisation can be generated. Another disadvantage is poor availability of people from which recruitment needs to be done, however it is an expensive and time consuming process. Comparisons of e- recruitment with traditional methods Companies prefer to use e- recruitment because it is quicker and attractive for applicants. E.g: an employee fills a vacancy application online. Now it is easier to receive the feedback via emails because it is faster and quicker. On the other end if we entertain applications in the form of resumes and covering letters, the first problem is to gather the hard copies. However, if it is online, it can be accessed from anywhere. Apart from this, in order to give the feedback, companies may need to post the letters. Some of the problems with these postal letters may result in delay or loss of the copy. Hence, the employee does not get the good impression of the company since he or she could not receive the feedback. Another possibility is that the organisation may provide the feedback over a phone but telephonic feedback can be more personal and hence, companies tries to avoid it and use it to minimum extend. Another reason for the companies using e-recruitment is that the companies get the chance to express their brand image via website. More attractive is the website greater will be the application of the applicant. Applicant gets the complete information of the company with its back ground and future goals and also the vision and mission statement to be accomplished. It is easier to post jobs specifications and realistic job previews (RJP) on websites. Companies can represent themselves and can be more transparent using the e-recruitment methods. Apart from this companys can be more descriptive on the websites. Another reason for the companies in posting job vacancies on web site is that it is easier and cheaper to advertise on websites rather than newspapers or advertising on hoardings because in the second case they need to first do the analysis as to where are their targeting customers and then need to make postings. On the other hand, posting on the websites is easier and easily accessible from anywhere. Survey suggests that using e-recruitment has almost cut 80% of the input cost as compared to traditional method. Another aspect of the e-recruitment is that user can use it 24 x 7. However, traditional methods do not provide such flexibility. Hence, E-Recruitment can be a win win situation for the employee as well as the employer. E- Recruitment is beneficial for the employer because it is easy to check the status of the candidate at the time of hiring. However, there are some disadvantages as well of the e-recruitment. Companies need to update their website on regular basis. This is because if there are no new updates on the website this may deteriorate the brand image of the company. There may be occasions where, there can be technical problem on the website which may prove to be disaster because the organisation could not access any data from the website. Apart from this it may require great funds to get technical assistance. Another problem is that websites cannot provide two way communications. Sometimes possibility of passive (duplicate) resumes is also another problem being faced by the companies in e- recruitment and there is no proper solution to this problem till now. E-Recruitment can be beneficial for a company and the company can learn a lot from it, says the Head of Recruitment of 3s (U.K Mobile Company).The company states that the principle reason for redesigning of their websites is to attract employee to apply for the job since the E-Recruitment has completely changed the attractiveness of the company. Now new employees can complete a form in very less time as compared to other previous recruitment methods. 3s online E-Recruitment strategy In year 2002, 3 (mobile company) started to recruit the employees though online recruitment. This is because they thought that online recruitment can provide more positive experience of the company as compared to other methods. It increased their efficiency and speed of hiring the employees. It helped them to access loads of application systematically. The head of recruitment department further states that not only E-Recruitment has made recruitment easier and quicker but it has also helped the company to improve its brand image which in turn has helped them to attract the potential employees (Rebecca Baker, Head of recruitment department).She continued saying that now candidates can track the status of their application at any stage of the recruitment process. She added saying that in year 2002, company hired 41% employees from the agencies. However these figures have dropped down to only 19% in the year 2007.This is the reason why they rely more on e E-Recruitment rather than other traditional methods. The company encountered a profit of  £1760 per year. Furthermore it became easier for the company to post job vacancies on websites rather than posing vacancies somewhere else which was much more complicated and expensive(www.three.co.uk) Another company named Stonefish Software also experienced tremendous advantages and profit of using E-Recruitment. Caroline Catmur (HR Administrator) states that use of E-Recruitment in October 2007 proved to be a boon for the organisation. Everything looks to be simple and more streamlined after the involvement of E-Recruitment. She further stated that another advantage of E-Recruitment was saving on both time and paperwork. She further added saying that E-Recruitment has been a driving force for the development of their organisation (www.stonefish.co.uk) Conclusion The essay briefly describes the career aspirations and the impact of recruitment and selection on individual career. It throws light on the company Accenture that provides flexibility and works consistently for retaining their staff. This describes as to how companies should prepare the job and person specifications so as to attract the potential applicants. The advantages of learning organisation and talent management are explained that helps the company to decide the basis for recruiting the potential applicants. The importance of E-Recruitment, its advantages and disadvantages are explained that helped the companies in recent time to overcome the problems of recruitment and selection. Two companies 3(Mobile Company) and Stonefish Software are illustrated showing their comments on the result of using E-Recruitment in their organisation.